Biology of Cells

structure and function of cell components (eg, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, mitochondria, lysosome, peroxidase, endosome, centriole, microtubule, ribosome, polysome, plasma membrane, cytosol, cilia, nucleus, cytoskeleton)

signal transduction (including basic principles, receptors and channels, second messengers, signal transduction pathways)

cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion

cell motility

intracellular sorting (eg, trafficking, endocytosis)

cellular homeostasis (eg, turnover, pH maintenance, proteasome, ions, soluble proteins)

cell cycle (eg, mitosis, meiosis, structure of spindle apparatus, cell cycle regulation)

structure and function of basic tissue components (including epithelial cells, connective tissue cells, muscle cells, nerve cells, and extracellular matrix)

adaptive cell response to injury

intracellular accumulations (eg, pigments, fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, inclusions, vacuoles)

mechanisms of injury and necrosis

apoptosis