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- Ketogenesis = make ketone bodies from acetyl-CoA.
- Ketone bodies = Acetoacetate, D-β-Hydroxybutyrate and acetone.
- Ketone bodies (except acetone) are released by the liver and used as fuel for peripheral tissues.
- The brain metabolizes ketone bodies if starved of glucose.
- Occurs in liver mitochondria, used as fuel in muscle and brain.
- Starvation or diabetes lead to ketoacidosis.
- Ketoacidosis (also called ketosis) = build up of acetoacetate drives decarboxylation to acetone. Breath smells of acetone (sweet). Lack of β-Hydroxybutyrate in urine.
- Ketone bodies can be converted back to acetyl-CoA: β-Hydroxybutyrate → acetoacetate → acetoacetyl-CoA → 2x acetyl-CoA.
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