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Normal processes
- embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal changes
- organ structure and function
- cell/tissue structure and function
- biology of bones, joints, tendons, skeletal muscle
- exercise and physical conditioning
- repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life
Abnormal processes
- infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders
- infectious disorders (eg, septic arthritis, Lyme disease, osteomyelitis)
- inflammatory disorders (eg, fibrositis, synovitis, tenosynovitis)
- immunologic disorders (eg, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis, systemic lupus
erythematosus, dermatomyositis, polymyalgia rheumatica)
- traumatic and mechanical disorders (eg, fractures, sprains, strains, dislocations, repetitive motion
injuries)
- neoplastic disorders (eg, osteosarcoma, metastatic disease)
- metabolic, regulatory, and structural disorders (eg, dwarfism, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteomalacia,
osteoporosis, osteodystrophy, gout, muscular dystrophy)
- vascular disorders (eg, polyarteritis nodosa, bone infarcts)
- systemic disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system (eg, diabetes mellitus)
- idiopathic disorders (eg, Dupuytren contracture, scoliosis, Paget disease)
- degenerative disorders (eg, disc disease, osteoarthritis)
Principles of therapeutics
- mechanisms of action, use, and adverse effects of drugs for treatment of disorders of the
musculoskeletal system
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics
- muscle relaxants
- antigout therapy (eg, allopurinol, colchicine, uricosuric drugs)
- immunosuppressive drugs (eg, glucocorticoids, gold, cytotoxic agents)
- drugs affecting bone mineralization (eg, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogen analogs)
- other therapeutic modalities (eg, radiation, surgery, casts, rehabilitation)
Gender, ethnic, and behavioral considerations affecting disease treatment and prevention, including psychosocial,
cultural, occupational, and environmental
- emotional and behavioral factors (eg, diet, exercise, seat belts, bicycle helmets)
- influence on person, family, and society (eg, osteoporosis, fractures in elderly, alcohol abuse, and
fractures)
- occupational and other environmental risk factors (eg, athletes, musicians)
- gender and ethnic factors (eg, bone mass)
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